When Emergency Care Falls Below the Standard
The law does not expect perfection, and it takes account of the realities of a busy emergency department. The question in a claim is whether the care fell below the standard of a reasonably competent practitioner acting in the same circumstances, the test the Irish courts apply following the principles in Dunne v National Maternity Hospital. A known complication, or an unavoidable bad outcome, is not negligence. But where a diagnosis was missed that should have been made, a serious condition was not investigated, or a patient was discharged when they should have been admitted, and harm followed, the standard may not have been met.
Experienced medical negligence solicitors
At McCarthy + Co Solicitors LLP, our team has more than 30 years of experience helping people across Ireland seek fair compensation following substandard medical care. Claims arising from emergency care commonly involve situations such as:
- a missed or delayed diagnosis, for example, of a fracture, a heart attack, sepsis, meningitis, or a bleed on the brain;
- a failure to carry out appropriate investigations, such as blood tests, scans, or X-rays;
- a failure to examine a patient properly, or to take an adequate medical history;
- inappropriate discharge, where a patient was sent home and later became seriously ill;
- incorrect treatment, or a delay in treatment, that worsened the patient’s condition;
- a failure to recognise, or to act on, a deterioration in the patient’s condition; and
- medication errors, or errors during an emergency procedure.
If you are unsure whether what happened meets the legal threshold, speaking with an experienced solicitor will help you understand your position.
How we build your case
Emergency care claims turn on detailed medical evidence. Our role is to investigate what happened, establish whether the care fell below an acceptable standard, and show a clear link between any failing and the harm you suffered. We obtain and review your full emergency department and hospital records, including triage notes, test results, and imaging, and we arrange independent expert opinion from suitably qualified specialists in emergency medicine and any other relevant field. Once that work is complete, we advise you on the strength of the case and the best way to progress it. Arrange a time to speak with a solicitor here by completing our quick and confidential online form.
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Meet John McCarthy
John McCarthy is a partner at McCarthy + Co Solicitors LLP, with more than 20 years of experience in medical negligence claims, including cases arising from misdiagnosis and delayed treatment in hospital emergency departments. He has represented clients in high-value cases at the High Court and Supreme Court level, with a commitment to securing the fair compensation his clients need to aid their recovery.
John holds a diploma in civil litigation from the Law Society of Ireland and is a member of Action Against Medical Accidents (AvMA), the leading patient safety charity. He is also the author of A Patient’s Guide to Bringing a Claim for Medical Negligence. If you were harmed by negligent care in an emergency department, you can contact John directly at john@mccarthy.ie.
Frequently Asked Questions
Some of the questions our team are often asked.
Does a poor outcome always mean there was negligence?
No. Emergency medicine carries real risks, and some bad outcomes occur even when the care was appropriate. A known complication, or a deterioration that could not reasonably have been prevented, is not negligence. A claim succeeds only where the care fell below the required standard and that caused harm.
Do A&E claims go through the Injuries Resolution Board?
No. Medical negligence claims, including those arising from emergency care, are exempt from the Injuries Resolution Board, and proceed directly through the courts. This is one reason specialist legal advice matters from the outset.
How long do I have to bring a claim?
In most adult cases, two years less one day, running from the date of the negligent act or, if later, the date of knowledge, meaning when you first knew, or could reasonably have known, that you were injured and that it may be linked to your care. For a child, the period does not begin until their eighteenth birthday, though a parent can bring a claim earlier. These rules come from the Statute of Limitations (Amendment) Act 1991, and the date of knowledge can be complex, so early advice is important.
The hospital has offered an open disclosure meeting. What is that?
Under the Patient Safety (Notifiable Incidents and Open Disclosure) Act 2023, which commenced in September 2024, healthcare providers must formally inform patients, or their families, after certain serious incidents, with a written account of what happened and an apology where appropriate. Attending such a meeting does not affect your right to bring a claim, but it can help to take legal advice beforehand.
How do I start a claim?
Write down what happened while it is fresh, keep any correspondence and receipts, and request a copy of your medical records. Then speak to a specialist medical negligence solicitor, who can review the records, obtain expert opinion, and advise you on whether you have a claim and how best to proceed.
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Useful resources
- HSE – Guidance on Emergencies
- Citizens Information – Emergency Health Services
- IAEM – Irish Association for Emergency Medicine
Our Awards & Accreditations
We are a multi-award winning firm, accredited by the Law Society of Ireland.

